Kidney Stone Symptoms can vary from slight discomfort to extreme, painful sensations and may require immediate medical attention. Kidney stones are solid pieces of minerals and salts that develop within the kidneys. They can be of differing sizes and remain in the kidney or pass down the urinary tract, resulting in pain and other symptoms.
It’s important to understand the symptoms, causes and treatment of kidney stones so you’re able to seek help in a timely manner and avoid complications later.
What Are Kidney Stones?
Kidney stones are solid stones formed by the crystallization of minerals and salts in the urine. They can occur in any part of the urinary system—the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
Medical treatment may be necessary for some kidney stones, but others pass on their own.
Common Causes of Kidney Stones
Kidney stones form for a variety of reasons and can even form for multiple reasons.
Common Causes Include:
This is when you do not consume sufficient amounts of water.’
- Dehydration
- High-sodium diet
- High protein intake from meat, dairy, and fish. Too much animal protein (meat, dairy, and fish).
- Having a family history of kidney stones. A family history of kidney stones.
- Obesity
- Certain medications
- Digestive diseases
- Urinary tract infections
- High uric acid, oxalate and/or calcium in urine
People who have had kidney stones before are at a higher risk of developing them again.
Kidney Stone Symptoms
The symptoms of a kidney stone can occur when the stone starts to move down the urinary tract or when it obstructs the passage of urine.
Common Signs and Symptoms are:
- Very intense pain in side or back
- Pain below the ribs
- Lower abdominal pain
- Groin pain
- Pain during urination
- A need to urinate often.
- Difficulty passing urine
- Cloudy urine
- Foul-smelling urine
- Blood in the urine
- Nausea and vomiting
- Slightly elevated temperature or chilliness (if there’s an infection)
As the stone passes through the urinary tract, the pain can come and go.
Kidney Stone Symptoms
Warning Signs That Require Immediate Medical Attention
Occasionally a symptom may be a sign of a serious complication and should not be overlooked.
Seek Medical Help Immediately If You Experience:
- Very intense pain, to the point that it interferes with sitting or standing.
- Blood in the urine
- Fever and chills
- Long-lasting nausea and vomiting
- Difficulty urinating
- Passing urine is completely stopped.
- Signs of infection
- Severe dehydration
Early treatment can prevent kidney damage and other problems.
Types of Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are of different types and have various causes.
Common Types Include:
Calcium Stones
Most prevalent is a type of kidney stone that may result from excess calcium oxalate.
Uric Acid Stones
They can result from a high protein diet, or insufficient fluid intake.
Struvite Stones
Associated with urinary tract infections.
Cystine Stones
A rare type due to a genetic disorder which interferes with the metabolism of amino acids.
A type specific diagnosis may help inform prevention tactics.
How Are Kidney Stones Diagnosed?
There are a number of tests doctors can use to diagnose and determine the location and size of the kidney stone.
Tests performed may include:
- Physical examination
- Urine analysis
- Blood tests
- Ultrasound
- CT scan
- X-rays
Correct diagnosis enables the best treatment plan to be decided on.
Kidney Stone Treatment Options
Treatment will vary depending on the size, location and type of kidney stone.
Small Kidney Stones
There are many small stones that can pass on their own with supportive care.
Common Recommendations:
- Have a lot of water to drink.
- Pain relief medication
- Exercise as directed by health care provider
Larger Kidney Stones
Medical procedures may be necessary for larger stones.
Treatment Options Include:
- Prescription medications
- Shock wave therapy
- Ureteroscopy
- Laser treatment
- Surgical removal in severe cases
Your health care provider will prescribe the best treatment that’s right for you.
Home Remedies and Self-Care Tips
There are some lifestyle tips that can assist in rehabilitation and alleviate discomfort.
Helpful Tips:
- Stay well hydrated
- Follow your doctor’s recommendations
- Reduce over-consumption of salt.
- Eat a balanced diet
- Monitor symptoms carefully
- Rest when needed
One of the most crucial aspects of treatment and prevention is hydration.
How to Prevent Kidney Stones
Taking healthy lifestyle measures can reduce the chances of developing kidney stones in the future.
Prevention Tips:
- Stay hydrated all day long
- Reduce sodium intake
- Keep within a healthy weight range
- Eat a balanced diet
- Avoid overfeeding animal protein.
- If you have a past history of stones, follow your doctor’s recommendations.
Individuals who have experienced multiple kidney stones might find it useful to have individualized dietary suggestions.
Foods That May Help Reduce Kidney Stone Risk
Diet may be an important factor in preventing kidney stones.
Kidney-Friendly Foods Include:
- Water-rich fruits
- Citrus fruits
- Vegetables
- Whole grains
- Moderate amounts of dairy products
- Foods recommended by your healthcare provider
The ideal diet will vary according to the kidney stone you have had.
Possible Complications of Untreated Kidney Stones
Sometimes kidney stones can cause complications when they are left untreated.
Potential Complications Include:
- Urinary tract infections
- Kidney infections
- Urinary blockage
- Kidney damage
- Chronic pain
Getting treatment early may minimize serious health problems.
Final Thoughts
Kidney stones are a common problem of the urinary tract which can cause a lot of discomfort and pain. If you are able to identify the signs and symptoms of kidney stone early, and understand its causes, you can get timely treatment and prevent complications.
Treatment and prevention include staying hydrated, eating a healthy diet, and obtaining medical advice when symptoms become apparent. Seek medical attention immediately if pain is severe, if blood is visible in the urine or if there is a difficulty with urination.
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)
What are the first signs of a kidney stone?
Some of the common symptoms are pain on the side and back, pain during urination and changes in urine color.
Can kidney stones go away on their own?
If you have a lot of small kidney stones, you might be able to pass them on their own, provided you drink enough water and get medical advice.
What does kidney stone pain feel like?
Kidney stone pain can be described as excruciating, stabbing pain in the side, back, lower abdomen and groin.
How can I prevent kidney stones?
Increasing water consumption, limiting sodium and eating a healthy diet can help minimize risk.
When should I see a doctor for kidney stone symptoms?
See your doctor if pain is intense, fever is present, there is blood in the urine, continuous vomiting or if it is difficult to urinate.